Finite element simulation

What is Finite Element Simulation?

Finite element simulation (FEM) is a numerical method used in engineering and applied physics to analyze and solve a variety of physics problems. This method is based on breaking down a complex problem into smaller, simpler parts called "finite elements." The basic idea is that a complex system (such as a bridge, an aircraft wing or a building) can be broken down into smaller, manageable units (elements).

Here are some key aspects of finite element simulation:

1. Discretization: A complex object or system is broken down into a large number of smaller elements. These elements can have different shapes, such as triangles, quadrilaterals or tetrahedrons, depending on the nature of the problem and the complexity of the object being modeled.
2. Material and property modeling: Each element is equipped with specific material properties such as elasticity, density and thermal conductivity. These properties determine the behavior of the element under certain physical conditions.
3. Application of loads and boundary conditions: External forces (such as weight, pressure, heat) and boundary conditions (such as fixed points or surfaces) are applied to the model.
4. Solution of the system of equations: The finite element method leads to a system of equations that describes the behavior of the entire model. These equations are solved numerically to determine aspects such as stresses, strains, temperature distribution, etc.
5. Analysis and interpretation of results: The resulting data is analyzed to draw conclusions about the performance, safety or suitability of the modeled system.

Finite element simulations are used in many fields, from civil engineering to aerospace to biomechanics and beyond. They are particularly valuable in situations where real-world experiments are too expensive, dangerous, or impossible.